Instrumentation I

Course Objectives
Comprehensive treatment of methods and instruments for a wide range of measurement problems.

1.0 Instrumentation Systems: (2 hours)
1.1 Functions of components of instrumentation system transduction, signal processing, signal transmission, output indication
1.2 Need for electrical, electronics, pneumatic and hydraulic working media systems and conversion devices
1.3 Analog and digital systems

2.0 Theory of measurements: (3 hours)
2.1 Static performance parameters: accuracy, precision, sensitivity, resolution, and linearity
2.2 Dynamic performance parameter: response time, frequency response and bandwidth
2.3 Error in measurement
2.4 Statistical analysis of errors in measurement

3.0 Transducers: (16 hours)
3.1 Measurement of electrical variables: voltage, current, resistance, frequency, inductance and capacitance
3.2 Measurement of mechanical variables: displacement, strain, velocity, acceleration, and vibration
3.3 Measurement of process variables: temperature, pressure, level, fluid flow, chemical constituents in gases or liquids, pH and humidity
3.4 Measurement of bio-physical variables: blood pressure and myoelectric potentials

4.0 Electrical Signal Processing and transmission: (6 hours)
4.1 Basic Op-amp characteristics
4.2 Instrumentation amplifier
4.3 Signal amplification, attenuation, integration, differentiation, network isolation and wave shaping
4.4 Effects of noise, analog filtering, digital filtering

5.0 Non-Electrical Signal Transmission: (3 hours)
5.1 Pneumatics, electro-pneumatic conversion devices, pneumatic transmission
5.2 Fibre optics, Electro-optic conversion devices, optical communications

6.0 Analog-Digital and Digital-Analog Conversion: (16 hours)
6.1 Analog signals and digital signals
6.2 Digital to analog converters: Weighted resistor type, R-2R ladder type, DAC Errors
6.3 Analog to digital converters: Successive approximation type, Dual ramp type, Flash type, ADC errors

7.0 Digital Instrumentation: (5 hours)
7.1 Sampled data system
7.2 Components of data acquisition system
7.3 Sample and hold circuits
7.4 Interfacing to the computers

8.0 Output Devices: (4 hours)
8.1 Indicators, meters
8.2 Strip chart recorders
8.3 magnetic tape recorders
8.4 4 X-Y plotters

Laboratory:
1.0 Operational Amplifiers in Circuit - Use of Op-amp as a summer, inverter, integrator and differentiator
2.0 Study of Transducers for Measurement of Linear Displacement and Strain
- Use resistive, inductive and capacitive transducers to measure displacement.
- Use strain gauge transducers to measure force.
3.0 Study of Various Transducers For Measurement of Angular Displacement, Angular Velocity, Pressure and Flow.
- use optical, hall effect and inductive transducer to measure angular displacement.
- use tachogenerator to measure angular velocity
- use RTD transducers to measure pressure and flow
4.0 Digital to Analog Conversion - perform static testing of D/A converter
5.0 Analog to Digital Conversion - perform static testing of A/D converter
6.0 Data Recording Devices - study the performance characteristics of strip chart recorder

References:
1. D. M. Consodine, “Process Instruments and Controls Handbook”, third edition, McGraw Hill, 1985
2. S. Wolf and R.F. M,. Smith, “Students Reference Manual for Electronic Instrumentation Laboratories”. Prentice Hall, 1990.
3. E. O. Deobelin “Measurement System: Application and Design”. McGraw Hill, 1990
4. A. K. Sawhney. “A Course in Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation”, Dhanpat Rai and Sons. 1988
5. C. S. Rangan, G. R. Sarma and V.S.V. Mani, “Instrumentation: Devices and Systems”, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 1992