Engineering Drawing I

COURSE OUTLINE: To develop basic projection concepts with reference to points,
lines, planes and geometrical solids. Also to develop sketching
and drafting skills to facilitate communication.

1.0 Instrumental Drawing, Practices and Techniques (2 hours)
1.1 Equipment and Materials:
Description of drawing instruments, auxiliary equipment and drawing materials
1.2 Techniques of Instrument Drawing:
Pencil sharpening, securing paper, proper use of T-squares, triangles, scales, dividers, compasses, erasing shields, French curves, inking pens.

2.0 Freehand Technical Lettering (4 hours)
2.1 Lettering strokes, letter proportions, use of pencils and pens, uniformity and appearance of letters, freehand techniques, inclined and vertical letters and numerals, upper and lower cases, standard English lettering forms.

3.0 Dimensioning (8 hours)
3.1 Fundamentals and Techniques:
Size and location dimensioning, SI conventions
Use of scales, measurement units, reducing and enlarging drawings
3.2 General Dimensioning Practices:
Placement of dimensions, aligned and unidirectional Recommended practice,
some 50 items.

4.0 Applied Geometry (5 hours)
4.1 Plane Geometrical construction:
Bisecting and trisecting lines and angles, proportional division of lines,
construction of angles, proportional division of lines, construction of angles,
triangles, squares, polygons. Constructions using tangents and circular arcs.
Methods for drawing standard curves such as ellipses, parabolas, hyperbolas,
involutes, spirals, cycloids and helices (cylindrical and helical).
4.2 Solid Geometrical Construction:
Classification and pictorial representation of solid regular objects such as:
Prisms : square, cubical, triangular and oblique
Cylinders : right and oblique
Cones : right and oblique
Pyramids : square, triangular, oblique, truncated
Doubly-Curved and warped Surfaces: sphere, torus, oblate ellipsoid, conoid,
serpentine, paraboloid, hyperboloid.

5.0 Basic Descriptive Geometry (8 hours)
5.1 Introduction:
Application of descriptive geometry principles to the solution of problems involving positioning of objects in three-dimensional space
5.2 The Projection of points, lines and plans in space
5.3 Parallel lines
5.4 True length of lines: horizontal, inclined and oblique lines
5.5 Perpendicular lines
5.6 Bearing of a line
5.7 Point view or end view of a line
5.8 Shortest distance from a point to a line
5.9 Principal lines of a plane
5.10 Edge view of a plane
5.11 True shape of an oblique plane
5.12 Intersection of a line and a plane
5.13 Angle between a line and a plane
5.14 Angle between two intersecting lines
5.15 Angle between two non-intersecting (skew) lines
5.16 Dihedral angle between two planes
5.17 Shortest distance between two skew lines

6.0 Theory of Projection Drawing (5 hours)
6.1 Perspective Projection drawing
6.2 Orthographic projection
6.3 Axonometric projection
6.4 Oblique projection
6.5 First and third angle projection
6.6 Systems and projection

7.0 Multiview Drawings (5 hours)
7.1 Principal Views:
Methods for obtaining orthographic views
Projection of lines, angles and plane surfaces, analysis in three views
Projection of curved lines and surfaces
Object orientation and selection of views for best representation
Full and hidden lines
7.2 Orthographic Drawings:
Making an orthographic drawing
Visualizing objects from the given views
Interpretation of adjacent areas
True-length lines
Representation of holes
Conventional practices

8.0 Sectional Views (4 hours)
8.1 Full section view
8.2 Half section view
8.3 Broken section
8.4 Revolved section
8.5 Removed (detail) section
8.6 Phantom of hidden section
8.7 Auxiliary sectional views
8.8 Specifying cutting planes for sections
8.9 Conventions for hidden lines, holes, ribs, spokes

9.0 Auxiliary Views (5 hours)
9.1 Basic concept and use of auxiliary views
9.2 Drawing methods and types of auxiliary views
9.3 Symmetrical and unilateral auxiliary views
9.4 Projection of curved lines and boundaries
9.5 Line of intersection between two planes
9.6 True size of dihedral angles
9.7 True size and shape of plane surfaces

10.0 Freehand Sketching and Visualization (5 hours)
10.1 Sketching and design:
Value of sketching as part of design
10.2 Techniques of sketching:
Pencil hardness, squared paper, line densities
Techniques for horizontal, vertical and circular lines
10.3 Multiview sketches:
Choice of views, adding detail, dimensioning, title, notes
Proportioning and comparative sizing
10.4 Sketching pictorial views:
General pictorial sketching
Mechanical methods of sketching and proportioning
Isometric sketching
Oblique sketching
Perspective sketching
Conventional treatment of fillets, rounds and screw threads
Sketches of an exploded view to show assembly of components

11.0 Developments and Intersections (9 hours)
11.1 Developments:
General concepts and practical considerations
Development of a right or oblique prism, cylinder, pyramid, and cone
Development of a truncated pyramid and cone
Triangulation method for approximately developed surfaces
Transition pieces for connecting different shapes
Development of a sphere
11.2 Intersections:
Lines of intersection of geometric surfaces
Piercing point of a line and a geometric solid
Intersection lines of two planes
Intersections of prisms and pyramids
Intersection of a cylinder and an oblique plane
Intersection of a sphere and an oblique plane
Constructing a development using auxiliary views
Intersection of two cylinders
Intersection of a cylinder and a cone

DRAWING LABORATORY: 3 hours/week, 13 weeks
1.0 Freehand Technical Lettering and use of Drawing Instruments
2.0 Freehand Technical Lettering and use of Drawing Instruments
3.0 Dimensioning
4.0 Geometrical and Projection Drawing
5.0 Descriptive Geometry
6.0 Descriptive Geometry (cont)
7.0 Projection and Multiview Drawings
8.0 Projection and Multiview Drawings
9.0 Sectional views
10.0 Auxiliary views
11.0 Freehand Sketching and Visualization
12.0 Developments and Intersections
13.0 Developments and Intersections (cont)

Textbooks and Reference Books:
1.0 W.J. Luzadder, "Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing", Prentice Hall, 8th Edition, 1981.
2.0 T.E. French, C.J. Vierck and R. J. Foster, "Engineering Drawing and Graphic Technology", McGraw-Hill, 1981.
3.0 F.E. Giesecke, A. Mitchell, H. C. Spencer and J. T. Dygdone, Macmillan, 8th Edition, 1986.